Abstract vs Introduction: Dono Mein Kya Likhein (Examples Ke Saath)

Dono paper ke shuruat mein hote hain. Dono hi samasya, uddeshya aur aapne kya kiya, iska mota-mota zikr karte hain. Isliye log ek likhte hain, shabdo mein badlav karte hain, aur dusre ko poora maan lete hain.

Inke kaam bilkul alag hain. Is guide ke aakhir mein ek decision table hai jisse aap har sentence ko check kar sakte hain, lekin pehle wo ek line jo zyadatar mamlo ko suljha deti hai.

<CTA title="Write both without repeating yourself" description="Jenni helps you draft the introduction and the abstract as separate pieces of work, with your sources attached where they belong." buttonLabel="Try Jenni Free" link="https://app.jenni.ai/register" />

Abstract aur introduction mein kya antar hai?

Ek abstract pure paper ka saar (summary) hota hai, jismein nateeje (results) bhi shamil hote hain. Ek introduction is baat par tark deta hai ki paper likhne ki zaroorat kyu thi, aur nateejo se pehle ruk jata hai.

Walden University Writing Center bhi ise isi tarah batata hai: ek abstract aapke paper ka saar hai, aur yeh introduction ki tarah reader mein dilchaspi jagane ya context dene ki koshish nahi karta.

Introduction mein results batana kyu mana hai

Yeh koi style preference nahi hai, balki yeh likha hua niyam hai. ICMJE Recommendations authors ko hidayat dete hain ki introduction mein sirf seedhe taur par zaroori references ka hi zikr karein, aur usmein kaam ke data ya conclusions ko shamil na karein.

Isliye abstract mein aapke nateeje hone zaroori hain, kyunki yeh akela hissa hai jise bahut se readers dekhenge. Introduction mein inhein nahi batana chahiye, kyunki iska kaam reader ke andar jawab janne ki utsukta jagana hai.

Har ek ki lambai kitni honi chahiye

Abstract ke liye ek fix limit hoti hai. Zyadatar jagaho par 150 se 250 shabd, kuch mein 300, aur conference ke liye limits aur bhi sakth hoti hain.

Introductions ko alag tarah se napa jata hai. PLOS ONE ke ek 2020 ke study ne The BMJ, JAMA, The Lancet, NEJM aur PLOS Medicine ke paragraph structure ka analysis kiya aur yeh nateeja nikala ki jahan koi journal-specific guidance nahi hai, wahan authors ko introduction ke liye teen paragraphs, methods ke liye das, results ke liye nau aur discussion ke liye aath paragraphs ka istemaal karna chahiye. The BMJ seedhe taur par teen se zyada paragraphs na likhne ki maang karta hai.

<ProTip title="🧮 Length check:" description="Count the paragraphs in your introduction before you count the words. Past five, at least one is doing work that belongs in the literature review or the discussion." />

Introduction aisa kya karta hai jo abstract nahi kar sakta

Yeh ek tark (argument) pesh karta hai. Standard description John Swales ka Create A Research Space model hai, jise aamtaur par CARS kaha jata hai.

• Establish a territory. Topic ke mahatva ko dikhayein aur jo jankari pehle se hai use summarize karein.

• Establish a niche. Gap, contradiction, ya an-suljhe sawalo ki taraf ishara karein.

• Occupy the niche. Apne uddeshya ko batayein, study ka ailaan karein, aur jahan zaroori ho wahan structure ka preview dein.

Manchester Academic Phrasebank bhi isi sequence ko describe karta hai. Abstract mein us tark (argument) ke liye jagah nahi hoti. Yeh uddeshya batata hai aur aage badh jata.

Wahi study, dono tarike se likhi gayi

Niche di gayi study is guide ke liye ek formatting model ke roop mein banayi gayi hai.

Abstract, 158 shabd

Districts jo char din ka school week apnate hain, wo aksar staff retention ka hawala dete hain, lekin students ki attendance par iska asar pehle saal ke baad mushkil se hi track kiya jata hai. Is study mein 34 rural districts mein daily attendance ka aaklan kiya gaya jinhone 2018 aur 2023 ke beech char din ka week apnaya, aur inki tulna un 34 barabar ke districts se ki gayi jinhone aisa nahi kiya. 96,400 students ke attendance records ka difference-in-differences design ke sath analysis kiya gaya. Char din ka schedule apnane ke pehle saal mein average daily attendance 1.4 percentage points badhi (95% CI 0.9 to 1.9), phir teesre saal tak yeh wapas pehle wale level par aa gayi. Shuruati fayda middle school ke grades mein aur un students mein zyada dekha gaya jo pehle aksar absent rehte the. Apnane wale districts mein teachers ki vacancy kam hui aur poore samay ke dauran kam hi rahi. Nateeje darshate hain ki attendance ka fayda asli par temporary hai jabki staffing ka fayda bana rehta hai, aur jo districts pehle saal ke data par policy ka aaklan karte hain, wo iske asar ko badha-chadhakar aakenge.

Introduction, teen paragraphs mein 190 shabd

United States mein ab 850 se zyada school districts char din ke week par chal rahe hain, aur yeh sankhya 2015 se har saal badhi hai. Is schedule ko apnane wale districts aamtaur par do kaaran batate hain: transport aur utility ki bachat, aur rural labor markets mein teaching posts ko bharne mein aane wali pareshani. Shuruati aaklano ne behtar attendance aur stable achievement ki report di thi, aur un nateejo ka board level ke faislo mein bade paimane par hawala diya gaya hai.

Phir bhi lagbhag wo saare saboot apnane ke baad ke sirf ek saal ko cover karte hain. Attendance sirf isliye badh sakti hai kyunki calendar badal gaya hai, aur school scheduling mein novelty ke asar ke kafi saboot hain. Aise studies jo districts ko teen ya usse zyada saalon tak track karti hain, wo durlabh hain, aur jo thodi-bohot hain, wo attendance ke asar ko us staffing ke asar se alag nahi karti hain jisne ise apnane ke liye prerit kiya tha.

Yeh study us gap ko poora karti hai. 34 apnane wale districts aur 34 tulnatmak districts ke daily attendance records ka istemaal karte hue, hum poochte hain ki kya pehle saal mein dekha gaya attendance ka fayda bana rehta hai, aur kya yeh sabhi grade levels aur student groups mein barabar banta hai. Hum isi dauran teacher vacancy rates ko bhi track karte hain taaki dono asaron ka alag-alag aaklan kiya ja sake.

Introduction kabhi nahi batata ki kya nateeja nikla. Abstract kabhi nahi samjhata ki ek opening clause ke alawa kisi ko iski parwah kyu karni chahiye.

Decision table

Kisi bhi sentence ko iske sath check karein aur mamla sulajh jayega.

<ProTip title="🪞 Leak test:" description="Read your introduction and ask whether a stranger could tell what you found. If they can, results have leaked into a section that should not have them." />

Kaun sa pehle likhein, aur kaun sa do baar likhein

Introduction, pehle likhein

Ise likhna aapko gap ko define karne ke liye majboor karta hai, jo ki ek first draft aapke liye sabse upyogi kaam kar sakta hai. Yeh aakhir tak galat ho sakta hai, aur woh bilkul theek hai.

Abstract, aakhir mein likhein

University of Wisconsin Madison Writing Center salah deta hai ki poora paper draft hone tak ka intezar karein taaki aapko pata ho ki aap kis cheez ka saar (summary) likh rahe hain. Pehle likhe gaye abstracts us study ko describe karte hain jiska aapne irada kiya tha.

Introduction dobara, aakhir mein

Yeh teesra step hai jise log aksar chhod dete hain, aur yahin par dono sections ek doosre ke anukool hote hain. Teen cheezein check karein:

• Kya jo gap aapne bataya tha wo abhi bhi aapke nateeje se mel khata hai?

• Kya koi nateeja aakhiri paragraph mein aa gaya hai?

• Kya aim sentence unhi terms ka istemaal karta hai jo aapka abstract karta hai?

Agar aap ek taiyar paper se abstract shuru kar rahe hain, to apne hi sources ke sath ise draft karna saar ko is baat se jode rakhta hai ki paper asal mein kya kehta hai.

<ProTip title="🗂️ Order of work:" description="Introduction first, abstract last, introduction again. The third pass is where you align the gap you claimed with the finding you actually produced." />

Kya wo sentences share kar sakte hain

Aisa na karna hi behtar hai. Introduction se abstract mein copy karne se background us jagah chala jata hai jahan nateeje ki zaroorat thi. Dusri taraf copy karne se aapka nateeja us section mein chala jata hai jo uski taraf le jaane ke liye banaya gaya tha.

ICMJE note karta hai ki abstracts hi article ka akela substantive hissa hote hain jo kai electronic databases mein index hote hain aur akela hissa hote hain jise kai readers padhte hain, jiska matlab hai ki duplicated background us jagah duplicate ho jata hai jahan sabse kam jagah hoti hai.

<ProTip title="📚 Citations:" description="If your abstract has a citation in it, check the target guide before you keep it. Many journals ban references in abstracts outright, and the ones that allow them usually want author and year only." />

Do Shuruat, Do Kaam

Abstract jawab deta hai "unhein kya mila." Introduction jawab deta hai "kisi ne yeh kyu kiya." Inhein alag rakhein aur dono sections bina kisi mehnat ke alag-alag likhe jayenge. Agar koi sentence dono mein se kisi ka bhi saaf jawab nahi deta, to wo yadatar discussion ka hissa hai.

<CTA title="Draft the front of your paper with sources attached" description="Outline, draft and cite in one place, so the introduction argues its case and the abstract reports what you actually found." buttonLabel="Start My Abstract" link="https://jenni.ai/conference-abstract-writer" />

Har ek section ke liye alag se, hamare guides dekhein research paper ke introduction aur conference abstract likhne ke liye, ya fir nau worked abstract ke examples dekhein. Jab draft poora ho jaye, to ek review pass un claims ko pakad leta hai jo dono ke beech bhatak gaye the.