MLA Works Cited: Electronic Sources kaise Cite karein
Electronic sources aajkal ke shiksha lekhan mein awashyak ho gaye hain, websites aur online journals se lekar e-books aur digital madhyam tak. Aitihasik print vastuon ke vipreet, ye aksar gaye-bite ya badalte huye vivran ke saath aate hain, jaise ya to aspasht lekhak ya fir badalte prakashan tithi, jo uchit prashasan ko uljhan me daal sakta hai.
MLA style, in chunautiyon ko samjhne ke liye ek vishwasniye tantra pradan karta hai, lekhan ko spaṣṭ, nītisankat prashasan banane mein madad karta hai. Ye niyam seekhne se aap apne kaam ko palanasar banana aur vidvat lekhan mein apni pramanikta ko mazbooti milta hai.
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MLA format mein Electronic Sources kya hote hain?
Electronic sources wahi samagri hain jo online prapt hoti hain print ki bajaye. Ye journals, websites, e-books, videos ya blogs ho sakte hain, aur har ek apne anokhe prashasan ke chunautiyon ke sath aate hain.
Aadhunik shiksha lekhan mein electronic sources ka paribhasha
Electronic sources semajja vishisht digital samagri ka samavesh karte hain, pa dhyan punja data base se lekar sadharan blogs tak. Kyunki ye hamesha page numbers ya prakashak jaise sthir vivran nahi dete, MLA inhe cite karne ke flexible guidelines pradan karta hai.
Digital sources visheshta prashasan niyam kyu maangta hai
Webpages update ho sakte hain ya gaayab ho sakte hain.
E-books “sthan” ka prayog kar sakti hain page numbers ke bajaye.
Online journals aksar stable URLs ke bajaye DOIs shamil karte hain.
MLA ka system sunishchit karta hai ki paṭhak ab bhi wahi saṭik source ka pataa laga sake jo aapne istemal kiya tha.
<ProTip title="🌐 Jaldi Yaad dilana:" description="Digital sources gaayab ya badal sakti hain samay ke sath, to paṭhakon ke liye maadhyanik prapt karne yogya maadhyam ko trace karne ke liye pariapt vivran hamesha pradan karein." />
Kya mujhe har online source ke liye MLA mein URL ki aavashyakta hai?
Hamesha nahi.
Pasandgi: Journal patra aur saamagri ke liye DOI.
Svikarya: Sadharan websites par saaf URL (lambi tracking strings chod de).
Vikalpik: URLs ko maaf karein agar source database mein sthaayi aur aasani se milta hai.
MLA Electronic Citations ke liye Saadharan Niyam
MLA mein electronic sources ka prashasan print sources ke same mul sidhaant anukaran karta hai, par kuch adjustment digital formats ka khayal rakhta hai. Yahan kuch pramukh niyam yaad rakhne hain:
Kaise lekhan ke naam ko form karte hain
Lekhak ka antim naam pehle darj karein, pehla naam uske baad. Udaharan: Smith, John. Agar koi lekhak nahi hai, toh source ke shirshak se shuru karein.
Shirshak — italics ya quotation marks?
Italics: Allan ki kaushal ke liye istemal karein jaise e-books, websites, ya online journals.
Quotation marks: Chote kaushal ke liye istemal karein jaise online articles, blog posts, ya videos.
<ProTip title="✍️ Style Check:" description="Kitabein ya websites jaise akele kaushal ke liye italics ka istemal karein, aur articles ya blog posts jaise chote kaushal ke liye quotation marks ka." />
Citations mein URLs aur access tithiyan
MLA aamtaur par online sources ke liye URL maangta hai jab tak DOI uplabdh nahi hai. Access tithiyan vikalpik hain par sujhavik hain agar samsaamiyaata ko badalne wale prabhaavit samagri, jaise ko sthaayi ho.
<ProTip title="📖 Formatting Tip:" description="Lekhak naam ko antim naam ke saath darj karein, pehla naam uske baad aata hai. Agar lekhak ka koi naam nahi hai, toh source ke shirshak se shuru karein." />
Munhadar Digital Sources ko MLA mein Cite Kaise Karein
Digital sources ke liye alg alg avashyak vivran hote hain. Neeche diye gaye format ka istemal karein aur har ek udaharan ko maadhyanik se milta kar dic vaiudhalik karein.
Website
Format: Author ya sangathan. “Page ka title.” Website ka naam, Din Mahina Varsh, URL.
Example: World Health Organization. “Climate Change and Health.” WHO, 12 Oct. 2023, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health.
Online journal article (DOI ka prayog karein jab possible)
Format: Lekhak(s). “Article ka title.” Journal ka naam, vol. #, no. #, Varsh, pp. xx–xx. DOI.
Example: Attanayake, K., et al. “Renewable Energy as a Solution to Climate Change.” PLOS ONE, vol. 19, no. 4, 2024, e0299807. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.
E-book ya digital kitab
Format: Author. Kitab ka naam. Publisher, Varsh, Platform ya site, URL.
Example: Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Project Gutenberg, 2008, https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1342
Online video (YouTube)
Format: Channel ya Creator. “Video ka title.” YouTube, Din Mahina Varsh, URL.
Example: NASA. “Working Out Aboard the Space Station.” YouTube, 2010, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxImeOomkUk.
Kaise mujhe MLA mein YouTube video cite karna hai?
Channel ka naam author ke roop mein dekhaayein, video ka title quotation marks mein daale, YouTube italic mein karein, publication ki tithi daalein, aur URL ko pura karein. Agar creator ka asli naam channel se prithak hai, to isse channel ke baad brackets me shaamil kar sakte hain.
MLA Digital Source Citations mein samaanye galtiyaan
Access tithiyan laapta → paṭhak ka pareekshan samasya bana rakhna.
Galat virama chihn (commas ya full stops) → choti galtiyaan MLA ekjumminzaat ko takrängi.
Tut-huye ya purane URLs ko istemal karna → pramanikta ko km karta hai aur paṭhakko ko source prapt karne se rokta hai.
<ProTip title="⚠️ Dhyan rahe:" description="Access tithiyon ka bhool karna, virama chinhon ka adla-badli karo, ya tute URLs ka istemal na karein — in galtiyon se aapke sandarb ke paribhasikta kamjor hota hai." />
MLA Electronic Sources ko shiksha lekhan ke liye master karein
MLA mein consistency na keval aapke pepar ko peshevar banata hai balki paṭhakko aapke sources ko aasani se pramaanik karte hain. Jise virama chihn, URLs, aur access tithiyon jaisey anshim bhaagon ka dhyan dena pramanikta aur sapashtata ko mazboot milta hai.
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MLA citation practices ko sikhna aapko astitva se likhne ki daya deta hai aur yeh aapka presentation aur dharan both kahiyaani aur bishwasniya bana kar takat deta hai.