MLA Works Cited: Electronic Sources kaise Cite karein
Electronic sources academic writing mein avashyak ho gaye hain, jaise websites aur online journals se lekar e-books aur digital media tak. Parampraagat print materials ke vipreet, yeh aksar adhura ya badalte details ke saath aate hain, jaise aspasht authors ya badalte prakashan tareekhe, jo sahi udaharan deti samay uljhan paida kar sakta hai.
MLA style in chunautiyon ko samhaalne ke liye ek vishwasniya tantra pradaan karta hai, jo likhnewalon ko digital materials ke liye spasht, satat udaharan banane mein madad karta hai. In niyam ko samajh kar, aap apne karya ko asaan banate hain aur shikshanik sthitiyon mein iski vishwasaniyata ko majboot karte hain.
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MLA Format mein Electronic Sources Kya Hain?
Electronic sources wo materials hain jo online praapt hoti hain, print mein nahi. Yeh journals, websites, e-books, videos, ya blogs include kar sakte hain, aur har ek ke saath vishisht udaharan chunautiyan aati hain.
Aadhunik shikshanik lekhan mein electronic sources ki paribhasha
Electronic sources vishal range ke digital samagri ko cover karti hain, jaise ki vidvattapoorn databases se lekar saanpradaayik blogs tak. Kyunki inmein hamesha sthir jankariyan jaise page number ya prakashak uplabdh nahi hoti hain, MLA inke liye lachila nirdesh pradaan karta hai.
Digital sources vishesh udaharan niyam kyun maangte hain
Webpages update ya gaayab ho sakte hain.
E-books "sthano" ka priyog kar sakte hain page numbers ke sthal par.
Online journals aksar sthir URLs ki jagah DOIs shaamil karte hain.
MLA ka tantra sunishchit karta hai ki pathak aap dwara istemal kiye gaye vishisht source ko ab bhi trace kar sakein.
<ProTip title="🌐 Jaldi Yaad:" description="Digital sources gaayab ya samay ke sath badal sakti hain, isliye pathakon ko mool samagri trace karne ke liye kaafi vivaran pradaan karke." />
Kya mujhe MLA mein har online source ke liye ek URL ki zarurat hai?
Hamesha nahi.
Preferred: Journal articles ke liye DOI.
Acceptable: Saadharan websites ke liye ek saaf URL lekin lambi tracking strings se bachein.
Optional: URLs ko chhodein agar source database mein sthir aur aasani se prapy ho.
MLA Electronic Citations ke Liye Samanya Niyam
MLA mein electronic sources ka udaharan dena vaise hi aadharbhut siddhanton ka palan karta hai jaise print sources, parantu kuch digital formats ke liye samayojan hain. Yahan yaad rakhne liye mukhya niyam hain:
Author ke naam kaise format karein
Author ka antim naam pehle, phir pratham naam ka suchi pradaan karein. Udaharan: Smith, John. Agar koi author nahi hai, to source ke shirsak se shuruaat karein.
Shirsak — italics ya quotation marks?
Italics: Swa-tantr karya jaise e-books, websites, ya online journals ke liye priyog karein.
Quotation marks: Chhoti karya jaise online articles, blog posts, ya videos ke liye priyog karein.
<ProTip title="✍️ Style Check:" description="Swa-tantr karya jaise kitabein ya websites ke liye italics ka priyog karein, aur chhoti karya jaise articles ya blog posts ke liye quotation marks ka priyog karein." />
Citations mein URLs aur access dates
MLA aam taur par online sources ke liye URL maangta hai jab tak koi DOI uplabdh na ho. Agar samagri ke badalne ki sambhavana ho, jaise web page jo update kiye ja sakte hain, to access dates sujhaawit hain kintu aavashyak nahi.
<ProTip title="📖 Formatting Tip:" description="Author ke naam suci mein antim naam ke saath pehle, phir pratham naam pradaan karein. Agar koi author nahi hai, to source ke shirsak se shuruaat karein." />
MLA mein Digital Sources ke Vibhinn Prakar ka Udaharan Kaise Dena
Digital sources ke liye alag-alag aavashyak vivaran hote hain. Niche diye gaye formats ka upyog karein aur har ek udaharan ko zinda source ke saath mel kren.
Website
Format: Author ya Sangathan. “Page ka Title.” Website Name, Din Mahina Varsh, URL.
Example: World Health Organization. “Climate Change and Health.” WHO, 12 Oct. 2023, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health.
Online journal article (jab sambhav ho DOI ka upyog karein)
Format: Author(s). “Article ka Title.” Journal Name, vol. #, no. #, Varsh, pp. xx–xx. DOI.
Example: Attanayake, K., et al. “Renewable Energy as a Solution to Climate Change.” PLOS ONE, vol. 19, no. 4, 2024, e0299807. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.
E-book ya digital book
Format: Author. Book ka Title. Publisher, Varsh, Platform ya Site, URL.
Example: Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Project Gutenberg, 2008, https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1342
Online video (YouTube)
Format: Channel ya Creator. “Video ka Title.” YouTube, Din Mahina Varsh, URL.
Example: NASA. “Working Out Aboard the Space Station.” YouTube, 2010, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxImeOomkUk.
Main MLA mein YouTube video ka udaharan kaise doon?
Channel naam ko author ke roop mein suci mein daalein, video title ko quotation marks mein rakhein, YouTube ko italics mein daalein, prakashan tareekhe daalein, aur ant mein URL daalein. Agar creator ka asli naam channel se alag hai, to aap ise channel naam ke baad brackets mein shaamil kar sakte hain.
MLA Digital Source Citations mein Aam galtiyan
Access dates ki kami → pathakon ke liye yah jaanana kathin banta hai ki aapne source kab praapt kiya.
Galat punctuation (commas vs. periods) → chhoti galtiyan MLA consistency ko bigaadti hain.
Tute huye ya puraane URLs ka priyog → vishwasniyata ko ghaata uchay aur pathakon ko source dhoondhne se rokta hai.
<ProTip title="⚠️ Dekhne Ke Liye:" description="Access dates bhoolne se, punctuation mein galti se, ya tute huye URLs ka priyog na karein — yeh galtiya aapke udaharan ki vishwasaniyata ko kamzor karti hain." />
Shikshanik Lekhan ke Liye MLA Electronic Sources ko Master karein
MLA citations mein samanya uniformity na kewal aapke paper ko professional rakhti hai balki yeh bhi sunishchit karti hai ki pathak aapke sources ko aasani se verify kar saken. Jaise punctuation, URLs aur access dates par dhyan dena dono vishwasaniyata aur spashtata ko majboot karta hai.
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MLA citation pratikriyaon ko master karke, aapko viswass ke saath likhna aur aise karya pradaan karna jisme accuracy aur polish ka ehsas hota hai.