Poora AMA Style Citation Guide: Niyam aur Udaharan

Kya aapka kabhi paper reject hua hai kyunki aapke citations gadbad the? Ye zyada hota hai jitna aap sochte hain. AMA citation style 11th edition manual se zyada medical journals expect karte hain, aur agar aapne galti ki toh voh solid research ko bhi tabaah kar sakta hai.

Baatchit yeh hai ki, AMA citations jaise lagti hain utne complicated nahi hain. Wo chhote superscript numbers? Yeh actually kafi smart hain, yeh aapke reference list se jude hote hain bina aapki sentences ko clutter kiye hue. Jaise hi aapko pata chale ki commas kahan jate hain aur kaise multiple sources handle karne hain, pura system apni jagah fit ho jata hai. Hum aapko sab kuch dikhayenge taaki citation formatting kabhi aapke kaam ko derail na kare.

AMA Citations Thik Se Milne Ka Ahmiyat Kyun Hai

Dekhiye, koi bhi citation formatting ke liye excited nahi hota. Magar yah yeh hota hai jab aap gadbad karte hain: journal editors note kar lete hain. Professors note kar lete hain. Aur achanak, aapka zabardast research kar gaya dhundla sloppy reference work ke wajah se.

AMA format bas academic busy work nahi hai. Yeh design kiya gaya hai taki readers aapke sources jaldi verify kar sakein aur aapki research trail follow kar sakein. Jab aap galat jagah comma rakhte hain ya DOI galat karte hain, toh aap apne reader se keh rahe hain, "Mujhe details ki chinta nahi hai." Yeh woh impression nahi hai jo aap medical writing me dena chahte hain.

Achi baat yeh hai ki? Ek baar aap system samajh lete hain, AMA citations second nature ho jati hain. Aur jab aapke references bilkul perfect hote hain, aap meticulous aur trustworthy dikhte hain, jo medical field me chahiye.

<CTA title="Polish Citations effortlessly" description="Easily create perfect AMA references and focus on your research, Jenni gives you the tools and templates." buttonLabel="Try Jenni Free" link="https://app.jenni.ai/register" />

In-Text Citation Rules: Superscript System

Superscript Numbers Ke Saath Shuruat

AMA ka use woh chhote superscript numbers ke liye hota hai jo text line se upar dikhte hain. Har source ko uska apna number milta hai jab aap uska pehli baar zikr karte hain, aur woh number us source ke sath aapke pure paper me rahata hai.

Yeh hai ek basic example:

Recent studies show promising results in early intervention.¹

Is system ki khubsurti yeh hai ki yeh aapke writing flow ko interrupt nahi karta. Readers asaani se citation dekh sakte hain bina aapke main argument se distract hue.

Uss Superscript Numbers Ko Kahan Rakhna Hai

Ye ek jagah hai jahan kaafi log galti karte hain, magar rules vaastav me straightforward hain jab aap samajh lete hain:

Periods aur commas ke baahar:

The trial showed significant improvement.² However, more research is needed.

Colons aur semicolons ke andar:

Consider the following protocol:³ patients should fast for twelve hours.

Isse sahi karne me practise lagta hai, magar yeh un details me se ek hai jo amateur work ko professional manuscripts se alag karte hain.

Ek Saath Anek Sources Cite Karna

Kabhi kabar aapko kai studies ke saath ek statement back up karna padta hai. AMA isse elegantly handle karta hai:

Non-consecutive numbers ke liye: Commas bina spaces ka istemal karein
Multiple trials¹,³,⁵ support this approach.

Consecutive numbers ke liye: Hyphen ka istemal karein
Recent meta-analyses¹⁻⁴ confirm these findings.

Golden Rule: Apne Original Numbers Se Chipke Raho

Yeh wo cheez hai jo bahut saare writers ko confused karti hai: ek baar aapne kisi source ko number diya, woh uska number hamesha ke liye rehta hai. Jab aap usse baad me cite karte hain, naya number mat dein. Yeh sab kuch organized rakhta hai aur aapke reference list ko gadbad se bachata hai.

Reference List Formatting: Structure with Precision

1. Number As You Go

Anya formats ke alawa, AMA reference lists unke sequence ke anusaar ordered hote hain, na ki alphabetically. Pehla source banta hai 1, agla uske baad 2, aur aise hi aagey.

2. Spacing & Indentation Maksimum Readability Ke Liye

• Single space har citation ke andar.

• Double space har item ke beech me.

• Ek hanging indent ka use karein (pehli line pe margin, dusri lines 0.5 inch indented).

Yeh aapke reference list ko clean aur scannable banane me madad karta hai.

3. Author Formatting: Last Name, Initials (No Periods!)

Har author ko last name, fir initials ke roop me list karein, without periods or spaces:

• Smith JM, Rodriguez PL, Hassan K

Chhe se jyada authors hone par, pehle teen and “et al.” ka addition karein:

• Wang C, Jones S, Patel R, et al.

4. Capitalization Rules

Journal articles: Sirf shabd ka pehla word, proper nouns, aur abbreviations ko capitalize karein.

Example: Advances in cancer research: A review.

Books and journal names: Sab main words ko capitalize karein.

Example: Principles of Molecular Genetics

5. Journal Title Abbreviations

Journal names ko Index Medicus standards ke anusaar abbreviate karein.

Journal titles ko italicize mat karein.

Example: J Am Med Assoc.

6. Including DOIs, URLs, and Electronic Access Dates

• Jitna ho sake hamesha ek DOI shamil karein.
  
  

• Agar ek DOI uplabdh nahi hai aur aapka source online hai, toh pura URL aur access date cite karein.

  Example: Accessed March 18, 2025.

<ProTip title="📚 Pro Tip:" description="Jenni journal titles ko automatically abbreviate karta hai aur DOIs ya URLs bhi add karta hai taki aap content pe dhyaan de sakein." />

Common AMA Citation Formats and Real-World Examples

Journal Articles: Medical Research Ki Buniyaad

Journal articles medical literature ki backbone banate hain, aur unka AMA format sahi ho ye credibility ke liye essential hai. Structure thoda differ karta hai beech print aur online sources, magar dono hi ek predictable pattern follow karte hain jis se verification straightforward hota hai.

Print Journal:
Smith J, Doe A, Brown B, et al. Impact of new treatments on disease outcomes. J Med Res. 2020;45(3):123-130.

Online Journal with DOI:
Jones ML. Advances in stem cell therapy. Cell Biol Int. 2021;42(4):456-462. doi:10.1056/cbi.2021.42.4.456

Key Elements to Remember:

• Author names come pehle, formatted as last name followed by initials

• Article titles sentence case mein use hote hain (sirf pehla word aur proper nouns capitalize hote hain)

• Journal names NLM standards ke anusaar abbreviated aur italicized hote hain

• Volume, issue number ko parentheses mein aur page ranges shamil karte hain

• DOIs online articles ke liye avashyak hain, kabhi skip na karen

<ProTip title="📖 Pro Tip:" description="Journal articles cite karte waqt, hamesha check karein ki kya journal ke paas DOI hai chahe wo print versions hi kyun na ho, kaafi purane articles ko ab retroactive DOIs mil gaye hain!" />

Books & Editions

Books AMA format mein edition details, publisher information, aur sahi city-state formatting dhyaan dena avashyak hai. Journal articles ke alawa, book titles title case capitalization ka use karte hain, thamayen aamne saamne khadi hoti hain aapke reference list mein.

Single-author Book:
Johnson L. Medical Advances in Oncology. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Medical Press; 2018.

Multi-author Book:
Carson DM, Lee RY. Principles of Geriatric Medicine. Boston, MA: HealthPlus Publishers; 2016.

E-book with DOI:
Williams KT. Emergency Medicine Protocols. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Health Sciences Press; 2022. doi:10.1001/emed.2022.protocols

Edition information turant title ke baad aata hai, aur aap notice karenge ki city aur state dono publisher name ke pehle include kiye gaye hain. Yeh detail level ensure karta hai ki readers aapne jahaan jikr kiya hai, woh version woh locate kar sakte hain.

Chapters in Edited Books: Navigating Complex Citations

Edited books ek unique challenge hai kyunki aap ek specific chapter ka citation de rahe hain ek badi kaam mein. Format dhyaan dena padta hai taki chapter authors aur book editors ko clearly distinguish kiya ja sake.

Hamilton PR. Diagnosis and intervention. In: Watts AG, Carr JE, eds. Gastrointestinal Pathology: Essentials and Advances. 3rd ed. Chicago, IL: MedText Press; 2022:214-229.

Notice kaise "In:" transition signal karta hai chapter se book information tak, aur "eds." book editors ko clearly identify karta hai. End mein page range specify karta hai exactly jahan readers cited material dhoond sakte hain.

Website Citations: Digital Sources Done Right

Web sources sabse zyada detailed information maangti hain kyunki online content badal sakta hai ya gaayab bhi ho sakta hai. Hamesha publication dates, access dates, aur complete URLs capture karein taki aapki citations verfifiable rahe.

1. American Cancer Society. Cancer Updates: Latest cancer news. Cancer.org. Published August 2025. Accessed September 1, 2025. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/latest-news/cancer-updates.html
   
   

2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccine & Immunization Information for Health Care Providers. CDC.gov. Accessed September 1, 2025. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/index.html
   
   

3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim Clinical Considerations for Use of COVID-19 Vaccines in the United States. CDC.gov. Updated May 1, 2025. Accessed September 1, 2025. https://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/vaccine-considerations/index.html

Personal Communications and Unpublished Sources

Har valuable source print ya online publication tak nahi pahuchta. Personal communications, conference presentations, aur unpublished data require special handling in AMA format.

Yeh citations sirf aapke text mein aate hain, kabhi aapke reference list mein nahi:

• (Dr. Martinez, oral communication, March 2024)

• (unpublished data, Johnson Research Lab, February 2024)

• (presented at: American Medical Association Annual Conference, June 2024)

<ProTip title="🔍 Pro Tip:" description="Websites ya online sources ke liye hamesha published aur access dates shamil karein jab bhi possible ho, aur important pages bookmark karein taki unme koi badlaav aaye to!" />

Theses, Dissertations, and Academic Papers

Graduate-level research aksar cutting-edge insights provide karta hai jo ab tak journal publications me nahi pahuche hote. In sources ko ek specific AMA format pattern follow karna padta hai.

Master's Thesis:

Rodriguez ML. Early intervention strategies in pediatric cardiology [master's thesis]. Boston, MA: Harvard University; 2023.

Doctoral Dissertation:

Chen WK. Molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer therapy [dissertation]. San Francisco, CA: University of California San Francisco; 2022.

Conference Abstracts and Presentations

Scientific conferences valuable preliminary findings generate karte hain jo aksar full journal publication te pehle aate hain. Yeh citations priority establish karne aur ongoing research acknowledge karne mein madadgar hain.

Conference Abstract:
Thompson JA, Lee SK. Novel approaches to immunotherapy delivery. Abstract presented at: International Conference on Cancer Research; May 15-18, 2024; Chicago, IL.

Poster Presentation:
Garcia RM, Patel VN, Kumar S. Biomarker identification in early-stage disease. Poster presented at: American Association for Clinical Research Annual Meeting; March 10, 2024; New York, NY.

Document Formatting & Presentation Standards

Font, Size, and Line Spacing: Professional Credibility Ka Nirmaan

Aapke document ka visual presentation professionalism ko communicate karta hai pehle se. Readers engage hone se pehle aapke content ke sath. AMA format specify karta hai Times New Roman, 12pt size, aur double-spaced lines throughout the body text. Ye arbitrary choices nahi hain, ye readability ensure karte hain across different devices aur printing conditions mein, academic standard maintain karte hue jo medical publishing mein expect kiya jata hai (AMA Manual of Style, 11th Edition).

Single-spacing keval individual reference list entries ke andar hota hai, jo sources ke beech visual separation create karta hai, har citation ko compact aur readable banata hai.

Margins, Indentation, and Pagination Standards

Document structure reader navigation ko support karta hai aur professional presentation ko enhance karta hai. AMA manual specify karta hai several key formatting elements:

• Margins: Maanexactly 1-inch on all sides to ensure adequate white space

• Paragraph Indentation: First line indented 0.5 inches for clear paragraph breaks

• Page Numbering: Continuous numbering starting from the title page, positioned in the header, right-aligned

• Section Breaks: New sections begin on fresh pages when appropriate

Reference List Heading and Organization

"References" heading marks transition from main content to supporting documentation. Isse prominently position karein aapke reference section ke top par, ya toh bold formatting ya standard text ka use karein, magar underlining ya italics se bachen jo unprofessional lag sakte hain.

Aapka reference list readers ke liye roadmap ban jata hai jo verify, expand, ya critique aapke sources karna chahte hain. Clear organization aur consistent formatting scholarly rigor ko demonstrate karta hai.

Headers, Footers, aur Running Heads

Jabki hamesha required nahi hai, kuch journals aur institutions specific header information expect karte hain. Running heads typically inclusive hote hain abbreviated titles (50 characters ya kam) aur appear karte hain har page pe except the title page. Target publication ke guidelines ko check karein, requirements significantly vary karte hain beech journals (University of Washington AMA Style Guide).

Standard Header Format:

• Left side: Abbreviated title in ALL CAPS

• Right side: Page number

• Position: 0.5 inches from top of page

Kuch institutions preference karte hain footers for author information ya manuscript identifiers, magar yeh AMA format submissions mein less common hai.

Using Citation Tools the Smart Way

Citation software jaise Zotero aur Mendeley aapka kafi time bachate hain, magar yeh perfect nahi hain. Maien papers dekhe jahan in programs ne "Journal of the American Medical Association" ko aise abbreviate kiya jo kisi professor ke liye nightmare ban sakta hai.

In tools ko aise think karein jaise helpful assistants, magic solutions nahi. Yeh kaam ka majority handle karenge, magar aapko hamesha double-check karna padega:

• Journal abbreviations jo match karte hain NLM standards

• DOIs jo actually kaam karte hain jab aap unhe click karte hain

• Author names sable throughout aapke paper ke tarkik ko follow karte hain

• Volume aur issue numbers sahi hain

Quick Checks Before You Submit

Zyada tar citation disasters un frantic final edits ke during hote hain. Aap ek paragraph delete karte hain with citation 5, magar sab kuch renumber karna bhool jaate hain uske baad. Suddenly aapka reference list ek complete mess ban jata hai.

<ProTip title="✅ Pro Tip:" description="Ek citation checklist banaiye aur isse final submission se pehle run through karein—zyada tar journal rejections formatting errors ki wajah se hote hain, na ki content quality ke wajah se!" />

Multiple Sources Made Simple

Medical research aksar khud mein ek cheez honi ke liye kai studies ka citation karna padta hai, khaaskar bade claims treatments ya disease rates ke bare me. AMA format isse bina banaye aapke sentences ko cluttered handle karta hai:

• Supporting evidence: "Recent trials¹⁻⁵ show consistent improvement."

• Non-consecutive sources: "Several teams⁶,⁸,¹⁰ reported similar findings."

• Mixed results: "Some studies⁶,⁸ support intervention, others⁹,¹¹ suggest waiting."

Bas koi bhi doosre ko kahin bhi dikhaayia—wo sab aapke point ko support kar rahe hain ya disagreement dikha rahe hain.

Protecting Against Disappearing Sources

Online sources bina warning ke vanish ho jate hain, aapke citations ko kahin point karne ke bina chhod dete hai. Ye sab samay ke saath government reports, conference presentations, aur organizational documents ke saath hota hai.

Smart researchers apne aapko bachane ke liye clicks ki screenshots le kar, Wayback Machine ka use karke archived versions ko dhoondhne ke liye aur PDFs ko save karne ke liye zyada booking karte hain. Aapko jo hard-to-locate sources mile hain woh kaise mile, bhi nah likhein, aap aapko baad me dhanyavaad denge.

Common Citation Mistakes to Avoid

Author name formatting ka problem hai ki kisi anya citation element se zyada trouble hota hai. Ek style ko chun lo aur isme hi chipak lo aapke pure paper ke liye. Agar aap "Smith J" ke sath shuru karte hain ek author ke liye, to "Jones, K.M." kisi anya ke liye mat kahein. Consistency aap jaisa sochte hain us se zyada mahatwapurna hoti hai.

In frequent issues ke liye dekhna:

• Inconsistent author names: "Smith J" ke saath "Jones, K.M." ek hi paper mein

• Missing edition numbers: Yeh khaaskar important hote hain medical textbooks ke liye jo kaafi badalte hai

• Broken DOIs: "doi:10.1001/jama.2024.1234" hona chahiye bas "10.1001/jama.2024.1234" nahi

• Print versus online confusion: Print versions ko cite karein agar aapunne electronically accessed ke even through

• Wrong journal abbreviations: Official NLM journal abbreviations list ka use karein jo kuch bhi sahi dikhta hai use karne ki jagah

• Missing access dates: Hamesha web sources ko last check karne ka date shamil karein, prominently AMA Manual of Style, 11th Edition mein.

Achi baat yeh hai? Maaksatar yeh mistakes asani se sudhari ja sakti hain jab aapko pata ho ki aapka dekhna kahan hai. Aur inhe sudharna aapke work ko kitna professional dikhata hai, me kuch zyada fark padta hai.

Advanced AMA Citation Scenarios

Jab Ek Author Anek Papers Write Kare

Kabhi kabar wahi researcher saal me anek studies publish karta hai. Achi baat: AMA ise simple bana diya. Aapko "2024a" ya "2024b" add karne ki zaroorat nahi, jaise anya styles mein hota hai. Bas inhe order me list karein jab yeh published hue the aur har ek ko uska number milta hai.

Kisi Cheez Ko Cite Karna Jo Aapne Kisi Anya Paper Mein Paya

Kabhi kisi anya paper mein ek study ke baare mein padha hai lekin original nahi mil paya? Ye hota hai. AMA aapko ise cite karne deta hai, magar aapke paper mein yeh clarify karna jaroori hai ki aapne ise kahan paaya hai.

Dikhaate hain kaise:

Asli study mention hai in: Johnson ML, Smith KR. Recent advances in cardiac surgery. Heart Surg Today. 2024;15(2):45-52.

Aapke text mein: "Jaise ki Wilson et al ne report kiya (jaise ki Johnson aur Smith¹ mein cite kiya gaya)..."

<ProTip title="🔍 Pro Tip:" description="Hamesha asli source ko dhundne ki koshish karen pehle. Secondary citations ko apna akhri resort banaayein." />

Sarkari aur Kanuni Documents

Medical research aksar health laws aur sarkari rules involve karta hai. In documents ka apna format hota hai:

Sarkari Rules: Department of Health and Human Services. HIPAA Privacy Rule. 45 CFR Parts 160 aur 164. Federal Register. December 28, 2000.

Congressional Testimony: Martinez RJ. Healthcare workforce shortages: testimony before the House Committee on Health. 117th Congress, 2nd Session; March 15, 2022.

Foreign Language Sources

Research duniya bhar me hota hai, to aapko anya bhashayen me papers cite karne ki zaroorat pad sakti hai. AMA isse handle karta hai original title brackets me rakhke aur language note karke:

Non-English Paper: Nakamura T, Sato H, Yamada K. [Innovative surgical techniques in minimally invasive procedures]. Jpn J Surg. 2023;78(4):234-241. Japanese.

World Health Organization. Mortality and global health estimates. WHO Global Health Observatory. Updated regularly; accessed September 1, 2025. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates

Maaksatar yeh hai consistency ke saath. Chahe aap brand-new research cite kar rahe hain ya purane medical texts, AMA rules ko follow karna aapke kaam ko serious show karta hai.

Perfect AMA Citations Ke Saath Apni Writing Ko Transform Karein

Sahi tara se AMA citations milne se respect hota hai aapke field aur readers ke liye. Jab aapke superscript numbers karahe hai aur aapka reference list smoothly flow karta hai, log notice karte hain. Unhe aapme ek attention to detail dikhta hai aur aapne apne kaam ko seriously liya hai. Perfect citations aapka professional signature ban jaate hain, telling editors aur colleagues aap trustworthy hain.

<CTA title="Jenni Se Shuru Karein, Strong Khatham Karein" description="Jenni ka AMA reference generator try karen aur clarity, credibility, aur speed laayen har research project mein." buttonLabel="Try Jenni Free" link="https://app.jenni.ai/register" />

Sabse acchi baat? Ek baar AMA style second nature ban jaaye, aap superscript numbers automatically place karenge. Aapke reference lists hamesha professional dikhengi, aur aap kabhi formatting ki stress nahi karenge.